\(\int \frac {d+e x^2}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx\) [266]

Optimal result

Integrand size = 22, antiderivative size = 174 \[ \int \frac {d+e x^2}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx=\frac {\left (e+\frac {2 c d-b e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\left (e-\frac {2 c d-b e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \]

[Out]

1/2*arctan(x*2^(1/2)*c^(1/2)/(b-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2))*(e+(-b*e+2*c*d)/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*2^(1/2)/c^(1/2)
/(b-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2)+1/2*arctan(x*2^(1/2)*c^(1/2)/(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2))*(e+(b*e-2*c*d)/(-4*a*
c+b^2)^(1/2))*2^(1/2)/c^(1/2)/(b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2)

Rubi [A] (verified)

Time = 0.13 (sec) , antiderivative size = 174, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 2, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.091, Rules used = {1180, 211} \[ \int \frac {d+e x^2}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right ) \left (\frac {2 c d-b e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+e\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}}\right ) \left (e-\frac {2 c d-b e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b}} \]

[In]

Int[(d + e*x^2)/(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4),x]

[Out]

((e + (2*c*d - b*e)/Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[
c]*Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]) + ((e - (2*c*d - b*e)/Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b + S
qrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]])

Rule 211

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Rt[a/b, 2]/a)*ArcTan[x/Rt[a/b, 2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]
&& PosQ[a/b]

Rule 1180

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]}, Di
st[e/2 + (2*c*d - b*e)/(2*q), Int[1/(b/2 - q/2 + c*x^2), x], x] + Dist[e/2 - (2*c*d - b*e)/(2*q), Int[1/(b/2 +
q/2 + c*x^2), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0] && PosQ[b^
2 - 4*a*c]

Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{2} \left (e-\frac {2 c d-b e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\frac {b}{2}+\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+c x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} \left (e+\frac {2 c d-b e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\frac {b}{2}-\frac {1}{2} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+c x^2} \, dx \\ & = \frac {\left (e+\frac {2 c d-b e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\left (e-\frac {2 c d-b e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [A] (verified)

Time = 0.10 (sec) , antiderivative size = 172, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.99 \[ \int \frac {d+e x^2}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx=\frac {\frac {\left (2 c d+\left (-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\left (-2 c d+\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \]

[In]

Integrate[(d + e*x^2)/(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4),x]

[Out]

(((2*c*d + (-b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*e)*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/Sqrt[b - Sqrt[
b^2 - 4*a*c]] + ((-2*c*d + (b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*e)*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])
/Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])

Maple [C] (verified)

Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.

Time = 0.06 (sec) , antiderivative size = 45, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.26

method	result	size
risch	\(\frac {\left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+\textit {\_Z}^{2} b +a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\textit {\_R}^{2} e +d \right ) \ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{2 c \,\textit {\_R}^{3}+\textit {\_R} b}\right )}{2}\)	\(45\)
default	\(4 c \left (\frac {\left (e \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+b e -2 c d \right ) \sqrt {2}\, \arctan \left (\frac {c x \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}\right )}{8 c \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \sqrt {\left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}-\frac {\left (e \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-b e +2 c d \right ) \sqrt {2}\, \operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {c x \sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {\left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}\right )}{8 c \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \sqrt {\left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) c}}\right )\)	\(164\)

[In]

int((e*x^2+d)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

1/2*sum((_R^2*e+d)/(2*_R^3*c+_R*b)*ln(x-_R),_R=RootOf(_Z^4*c+_Z^2*b+a))

Fricas [B] (verification not implemented)

Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 1525 vs. \(2 (140) = 280\).

Time = 0.36 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1525, normalized size of antiderivative = 8.76 \[ \int \frac {d+e x^2}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]

[In]

integrate((e*x^2+d)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt(-(b*c*d^2 - 4*a*c*d*e + a*b*e^2 + (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*sqrt((c^2*d^4 - 2*a*c*d^2*e^2 + a^2
*e^4)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2))*log(-2*(c^2*d^4 - b*c*d^3*e + a*b*d*e^3 - a^2*e^4)*x
+ sqrt(1/2)*((b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)*d^3 - (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)*d*e^2 - ((a*b^3*c - 4*a^2*b*c^2)*d - 2*(a^2*b^2*c - 4*a
^3*c^2)*e)*sqrt((c^2*d^4 - 2*a*c*d^2*e^2 + a^2*e^4)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))*sqrt(-(b*c*d^2 - 4*a*c*d*e + a
*b*e^2 + (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*sqrt((c^2*d^4 - 2*a*c*d^2*e^2 + a^2*e^4)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2*c -
4*a^2*c^2))) - 1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt(-(b*c*d^2 - 4*a*c*d*e + a*b*e^2 + (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*sqrt((c^2*d^4 - 2*a
*c*d^2*e^2 + a^2*e^4)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2))*log(-2*(c^2*d^4 - b*c*d^3*e + a*b*d*e
^3 - a^2*e^4)*x - sqrt(1/2)*((b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)*d^3 - (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)*d*e^2 - ((a*b^3*c - 4*a^2*b*c^2)*d - 2*
(a^2*b^2*c - 4*a^3*c^2)*e)*sqrt((c^2*d^4 - 2*a*c*d^2*e^2 + a^2*e^4)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))*sqrt(-(b*c*d^2
- 4*a*c*d*e + a*b*e^2 + (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*sqrt((c^2*d^4 - 2*a*c*d^2*e^2 + a^2*e^4)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c
^3)))/(a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2))) + 1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt(-(b*c*d^2 - 4*a*c*d*e + a*b*e^2 - (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*sqr
t((c^2*d^4 - 2*a*c*d^2*e^2 + a^2*e^4)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2))*log(-2*(c^2*d^4 - b*c
*d^3*e + a*b*d*e^3 - a^2*e^4)*x + sqrt(1/2)*((b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)*d^3 - (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)*d*e^2 + ((a*b^3*c - 4*a
^2*b*c^2)*d - 2*(a^2*b^2*c - 4*a^3*c^2)*e)*sqrt((c^2*d^4 - 2*a*c*d^2*e^2 + a^2*e^4)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3))
)*sqrt(-(b*c*d^2 - 4*a*c*d*e + a*b*e^2 - (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*sqrt((c^2*d^4 - 2*a*c*d^2*e^2 + a^2*e^4)/(a^2*b
^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2))) - 1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt(-(b*c*d^2 - 4*a*c*d*e + a*b*e^2 - (a*b^2*c
- 4*a^2*c^2)*sqrt((c^2*d^4 - 2*a*c*d^2*e^2 + a^2*e^4)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2))*log(-
2*(c^2*d^4 - b*c*d^3*e + a*b*d*e^3 - a^2*e^4)*x - sqrt(1/2)*((b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)*d^3 - (a*b^2 - 4*a^2*c)*d*e^2 +
((a*b^3*c - 4*a^2*b*c^2)*d - 2*(a^2*b^2*c - 4*a^3*c^2)*e)*sqrt((c^2*d^4 - 2*a*c*d^2*e^2 + a^2*e^4)/(a^2*b^2*c
^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))*sqrt(-(b*c*d^2 - 4*a*c*d*e + a*b*e^2 - (a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)*sqrt((c^2*d^4 - 2*a*c*d^2*e^2 +
a^2*e^4)/(a^2*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^3*c^3)))/(a*b^2*c - 4*a^2*c^2)))

Sympy [F(-1)]

Timed out. \[ \int \frac {d+e x^2}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]

[In]

integrate((e*x**2+d)/(c*x**4+b*x**2+a),x)

[Out]

Timed out

Maxima [F]

\[ \int \frac {d+e x^2}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx=\int { \frac {e x^{2} + d}{c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a} \,d x } \]

[In]

integrate((e*x^2+d)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate((e*x^2 + d)/(c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a), x)

Giac [B] (verification not implemented)

Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 1402 vs. \(2 (140) = 280\).

Time = 0.82 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1402, normalized size of antiderivative = 8.06 \[ \int \frac {d+e x^2}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]

[In]

integrate((e*x^2+d)/(c*x^4+b*x^2+a),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

1/4*((sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^4 - 8*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b^2*c - 2*sqrt
(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^3*c - 2*b^4*c + 16*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a^2*c^2 + 8*s
qrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b*c^2 + sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^2*c^2 + 16*a*b^2*c^
2 + 2*b^3*c^2 - 4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*c^3 - 32*a^2*c^3 - 8*a*b*c^3 - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 -
4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^3 + 4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b*c
+ 2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^2*c - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sq
rt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b*c^2 + 2*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b^2*c - 8*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*c^2 - 2*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b*c^2)*d - 2*(2*a*b
^2*c^2 - 8*a^2*c^3 - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b^2 + 4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*
a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a^2*c + 2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b*c
- sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*c^2 - 2*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*c^2)*e)*arctan(2*sqrt(1
/2)*x/sqrt((b + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c))/c))/((a*b^4 - 8*a^2*b^2*c - 2*a*b^3*c + 16*a^3*c^2 + 8*a^2*b*c^2 + a*b^2*c^
2 - 4*a^2*c^3)*abs(c)) + 1/4*((sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^4 - 8*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4
*a*c)*c)*a*b^2*c - 2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^3*c + 2*b^4*c + 16*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2
- 4*a*c)*c)*a^2*c^2 + 8*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b*c^2 + sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)
*c)*b^2*c^2 - 16*a*b^2*c^2 + 2*b^3*c^2 - 4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*c^3 + 32*a^2*c^3 - 8*a*b*
c^3 - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^3 + 4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c - s
qrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b*c + 2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b^2*c - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b
^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*b*c^2 - 2*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b^2*c + 8*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*c^2 - 2*(b^2 - 4
*a*c)*b*c^2)*d - 2*(2*a*b^2*c^2 - 8*a^2*c^3 - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b^2
+ 4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a^2*c + 2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c - s
qrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*b*c - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*sqrt(b*c - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c)*a*c^2 - 2*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*
a*c^2)*e)*arctan(2*sqrt(1/2)*x/sqrt((b - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c))/c))/((a*b^4 - 8*a^2*b^2*c - 2*a*b^3*c + 16*a^3*c^2
+ 8*a^2*b*c^2 + a*b^2*c^2 - 4*a^2*c^3)*abs(c))

Mupad [B] (verification not implemented)

Time = 8.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 4109, normalized size of antiderivative = 23.61 \[ \int \frac {d+e x^2}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]

[In]

int((d + e*x^2)/(a + b*x^2 + c*x^4),x)

[Out]

- atan((((x*(8*b^3*c^2 - 32*a*b*c^3)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 + a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-(4*a*
c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2
*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) - 4*b^2*c^2*d + 16*a*c^3*d)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 + a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2
- c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*
c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + x*(4*c^3*d^2 - 4*a*c^2*e^2 + 2*b^2*c*e^2 - 4*b*c^2*d*e))*(-(a*b^3*e^2
+ a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2
+ 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*1i + ((x*(8*b^3*c^2 - 32*
a*b*c^3)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 + a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^
2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + 4*
b^2*c^2*d - 16*a*c^3*d)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 + a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(
1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*
c)))^(1/2) + x*(4*c^3*d^2 - 4*a*c^2*e^2 + 2*b^2*c*e^2 - 4*b*c^2*d*e))*(-(a*b^3*e^2 + a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^
(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*
c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*1i)/(((x*(8*b^3*c^2 - 32*a*b*c^3)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 + a*e^
2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a
^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) - 4*b^2*c^2*d + 16*a*c^3*d)*(-(a
*b^3*e^2 + a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2
*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + x*(4*c^3*d^2 -
4*a*c^2*e^2 + 2*b^2*c*e^2 - 4*b*c^2*d*e))*(-(a*b^3*e^2 + a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-
(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^
2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) - ((x*(8*b^3*c^2 - 32*a*b*c^3)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 + a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^
3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*
(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + 4*b^2*c^2*d - 16*a*c^3*d)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 + a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2
)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a
*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + x*(4*c^3*d^2 - 4*a*c^2*e^2 + 2*b^2*c*e^2 - 4*b
*c^2*d*e))*(-(a*b^3*e^2 + a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*
c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) +
2*c^2*d^2*e + 2*a*c*e^3 - 2*b*c*d*e^2))*(-(a*b^3*e^2 + a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 - c*d^2*(-(4
*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*
b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*2i - atan((((x*(8*b^3*c^2 - 32*a*b*c^3)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/
2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d
*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) - 4*b^2*c^2*d + 16*a*c^3*d)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*
c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*
e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + x*(4*c^3*d^2 - 4*a*c^2*e^2 + 2*b^2*c*e^
2 - 4*b*c^2*d*e))*(-(a*b^3*e^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) -
4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(
1/2)*1i + ((x*(8*b^3*c^2 - 32*a*b*c^3)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(4*
a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b
^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + 4*b^2*c^2*d - 16*a*c^3*d)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^
2 + c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^
3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + x*(4*c^3*d^2 - 4*a*c^2*e^2 + 2*b^2*c*e^2 - 4*b*c^2*d*e))*(-(a*b^3*e
^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e
^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*1i)/(((x*(8*b^3*c^2 - 3
2*a*b*c^3)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*
c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) -
4*b^2*c^2*d + 16*a*c^3*d)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)
^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^
4*c)))^(1/2) + x*(4*c^3*d^2 - 4*a*c^2*e^2 + 2*b^2*c*e^2 - 4*b*c^2*d*e))*(-(a*b^3*e^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3
)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^
2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) - ((x*(8*b^3*c^2 - 32*a*b*c^3)*(-(a*b^3*e^2 - a*e^2
*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^
2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + 4*b^2*c^2*d - 16*a*c^3*d)*(-(a*
b^3*e^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*
b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + x*(4*c^3*d^2 - 4
*a*c^2*e^2 + 2*b^2*c*e^2 - 4*b*c^2*d*e))*(-(a*b^3*e^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(
4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2
*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) + 2*c^2*d^2*e + 2*a*c*e^3 - 2*b*c*d*e^2))*(-(a*b^3*e^2 - a*e^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^
(1/2) + b^3*c*d^2 + c*d^2*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) - 4*a*b*c^2*d^2 - 4*a^2*b*c*e^2 + 16*a^2*c^2*d*e - 4*a*b^2*
c*d*e)/(8*(16*a^3*c^3 - 8*a^2*b^2*c^2 + a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*2i